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Hired Hand (The) (Blu-ray)
[Blu-ray]
Blu-ray B - United Kingdom - Arrow Films Review written by and copyright: Paul Lewis (3rd December 2016). |
The Film
![]() ![]() Peter Fonda’s directorial debut, The Hired Hand (1971) opens with three drifters, Harry (Peter Fonda), Archie (Warren Oates) and the younger Dan (Robert Pratt). The three men play and fish in the river, until Dan spots a haunting sight: what seems to be the body of a young girl, caught in the fishing line. Against Dan’s protests, Harry cuts the corpse free and lets it drift with the current away from the men. The three drifters ride into a town, looking for a blacksmith to shoe Dan’s horse. Harry and Archie recognise the town as one they visited three years prior. Dan makes the decision to head for California, and Archie agrees to go with him; but the encounter with the dead child has had an impact on Harry, and he decides instead to return to the house of his estranged wife and the daughter he has never seen. That evening, before the trio part ways, Harry and Archie visit the town’s saloon. They discover that Dan was in there previously and left with a woman. They are shocked when Dan enters the saloon, a bullet wound in his neck and his trousers around his knees. Dan falls to the floor and expires. McVey (Severn Darden), a moderately wealthy landowner, enters and tells the men in the saloon that he shot Dan for ‘attacking’ McVey’s wife. Harry and Archie bury Dan, but having seen through the deveption within McVey’s version of events, Harry plans revenge and the pair ride out to McVey’s homestead. Sneaking up to McVey’s house, Harry shoots through a window and kills one of McVey’s men whilst also wounding McVey’s foot. ![]() One day, when he rides into town with Harry for supplies, Archie is confronted by a man in the local saloon. This man insinuates that Hannah is loose in morals: ‘Why, the widow Collings is more than fair [in payment to her hired hands], she’s downright generous [….] Most men who work for the widow Collings get paid in more than just cash and keep’, the man says. In response, at the sleight to Hannah’s reputation and to defend his friend, Archie strikes the man, knocking him to the floor. However, Harry discovers that Hannah has been sleeping with her hired help and, ridden with jealousy, he hangs a series of notices in the town declaring that he, in comparison with what Hannah has suggested, he is not dead and has returned to take his place at the head of the family. This angers Hannah, who wishes to keep from their daughter the fact that Harry is her father. After Hannah’s approaches to Archie become more direct, he makes the decision to leave for California. In Archie’s absence, Harry and Hannah fall back into their respective roles as husband and wife. That is, until one day, when a man on horseback approaches the farm and tells Harry that McVey has caught Archie. The man shows Harry one of Archie’s fingers, which has been severed from Archie’s hand, and tells Harry that with each week that passes, another finger will be taken from Archie – until Harry arrives in McVey’s town for a confrontation. Harry agrees to return to McVey with the man, heading into a confrontation with McVey and his men in the hopes of saving Archie’s life. ![]() Fonda and Hayward were immediately impressed with Sharp’s script and the sense of authenticity towards the daily life of drifters and proletarian types within the historical west, as opposed to the heroic exploits of cowboys and gunslingers in most Hollywood Westerns. In interview, Hayward commented that ‘Our image of the west has been conditioned by countless television and motion picture versions—and it just didn’t happen that way. In “The Hired Hand,” we felt we had a story that had more legality in it than any western I had ever read. These characters weren’t gunfighters, they were drifters, or as the sheriff calls them, “travellin’ men.” There are strong relevancies to today’s troubled times and the people involved’ (Hayward, quoted in Compo, 2009: np). Initially, Fonda wished to cast himself and Henry Fonda, his father, as the other drifter, Archie Harris (ibid.). In some respects, this film’s emphasis on the gritty authenticity of life in the West for the mostly unremarkable people that lived it seems like an attempt by Fonda to exorcise himself of his father’s roles in earlier Westerns. Warren Oates was known to Fonda, Oates having worked with Henry Fonda in There Was a Crooked Man… (Joseph L Mankiewicz, 1970) and Welcome to Hard Times (Burt Kennedy, 1967). Oates responded warmly to the script, suggesting that The Hired Hand ‘is the America of what Walt Whitman means to me’ (Oates, quoted in ibid.). ![]() In 1971, the film was criticised by critic Molly Haskell for offering ‘a sagebrush “A Doll’s House”’ (Haskell, quoted in Compo, op cit.). Haskell’s allusion to the Ibsen play was perhaps intended to belittle the film, but it is actually quite apt: like the play by Ibsen, The Hired Hand focuses on a theme of marriage and the attitudes towards it, alongside exploring gender roles in society and, especially, the roles of women who step outside those gendered norms of behaviour. Perhaps in response to criticisms leveled against the film, Universal pulled the picture after only one week, Fonda complaining ‘All I’d asked is that people sit still for eighty-three minutes’ (Fonda, quoted in ibid.). Where Fonda had used the success of Easy Rider to make The Hired Hand, Dennis Hopper followed Easy Rider with the impenetrable (and sadly too little-seen) The Last Movie (1971). Both The Last Movie and The Hired Hand are linked, in the words of Norris Pope, by their aspirations to make a Western (in the broad sense) that rose ‘to the level of an art film’ (Pope, 2013: 109). In fact, cinematographer Vilmos Zsigmond once suggested that one of the reasons for the negative responses to The Hired Hand’s release was that the picture ‘was too much like a European movie’ (Zsigmond, quoted in ibid.). Sometimes cited as an ‘acid Western’ for its hazy, impressionistic photography and use of lap dissolves to created bizarre, sometimes nightmarish and hallucinatory montages, the completed film was criticised by its writer, Alan Sharp, who asserted that the picture ‘reflected the influences of hallucinogens’ (Sharp, quoted in Compo, op cit.). When the film was shown at the Cinémathèque Française, it was followed by a question and answer session in which Fonda was forced to defend his film’s sense of pace and the use of dissolves in the editing; Fonda later commented that ‘It [the interrogaton] only hurt for a short time […] for we had a case of Dom and some touch’ (Fonda, quoted in ibid.). Screenings elsewhere were hampered by technical problems: printed at the Technicolor lab in London, the film’s third reel was desperately out of focus, leading to the film being excluded from the Circa de Stampa competition in Milan and impacting on a screening in Rome (ibid.). In interviews, Fonda was so dispirited that he began to talk about environmental issues ‘rather than talk about his seemingly sabotaged film. Some thought he had deliberately shot the third reel out of focus’ (ibid.). Screenings in London were impacted by the film being printed in an overexposed manner to such an extreme that Oates told Fonda, who refused to attend a screening owing to fears of it being beset by technical problems, that ‘the only way I could tell it was our movie was the soundtrack, which was perfect’ (Oates, quoted in ibid.). ![]() In these opening scenes, the film emphasises the lack of worldiness and the provincial mindset associated with not just Dan but also Archie and Harry. Dan outlines his plan to go to California, tempted by the oranges, the women and the ocean. ‘They say that ocean looks like a great blue prairie’, Archie says, ‘I ain’t never seen that much water’. Later, Archie tells Harry, ‘He’s [Dan is] always wanting to go someplace he hasn’t been’. Meanwhile, Harry’s encounter with the dead girl has impressed upon him the importance of returning to his family: ‘I ain’t going to the coast’, he tells his companions. ‘Where you gonna go, then?’, Archie asks him. ‘Home’, Harry says. ‘Home? Maybe there ain’t no such colour’, Archie suggests. ‘Home is just a place you start from, Arch’, Harry responds, ‘There’ll be something there’. ![]() For her part, Hannah is unrepentant about the fact that she has slept with her hired hands; her use of these men, who are in her pay, for her sexual gratification turns the usual stereotypes about male-female relations on their head, justifying Molly Haskell’s comparison of the film with the Ibsen play. Where the woman who approaches Dan prostitutes herself to the young man, Hannah asks her labourers to prostitute themselves to her; in doing so, she separates love and sex, suggesting sex is simply a physical need that can be satisfied outside the context of a loving relationship. When Harry learns about the fact that Hannah has been sleeping with the hired hands on her farm, he confronts her. ‘You were long gone before anybody got into my bed’, Hannah tells him, ‘I’d already had one man in here and I didn’t want another’. Later, in an attempt at seduction she tells Archie of her ‘conquests’: ‘Out in the field or in the hay, or sometimes just down in the dirt [….] Wouldn’t matter if it was you or him tonight’. However, Archie shows himself to be in control of his impulses, rejecting Hannah gently. ![]() When Harry and Archie bury Dan, Archie reads a passage from the Gospel of Thomas, ending with the assertion that ‘The kingdom of the Father is spread upon the earth, and men do not see it’. Although anachronistic (the Gospel of Thomas was only discovered in 1945), the passage was chosen owing to the fact that it expressed what he felt was a key theme of the film: the lack of awareness by the characters as to how beautiful the world around them is, and the juxtaposition of man’s cruelty with the natural world. Another passage from the Gospel of John has even more relevance for the film, and especially Harry’s relationship with his family and Archie: ‘The good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep. The hired hand is not the shepherd who owns the sheep. So when he sees the wolf coming, he abandons the sheep and runs away. Then the wolf attacks the flock and scatters it. The man runs away because he is a hired hand and cares nothing for the sheep. “I am the good shepherd; I know my sheep and my sheep know me […] and I lay down my life for the sheep”’. One might say that the narrative depicts Harry’s transition from being a hired hand (who cares nothing for the flock – his family – and abandons them) into the ‘good shepherd’ who will ‘lay down his life for the sheep’. ![]() ![]() ![]()
Video
![]() Amazingly, given the quiet confidence within the film’s photography, this was the first major feature shot by legendary cinematographer Vilmos Zsigmond. (Zsigmond also lensed Robert Altman’s McCabe and Mrs Miller in the same year.) Zsigmond’s photography is made even more haunting by the use of the lap dissolves employed by editor Frank Mazzolla, whose non-linear work can be seen in Donald Cammell and Nicolas Roeg’s Performance (1970), and in Cammell’s Demon Seed (1977) and the ‘director’s cut’ of Cammell’s Wild Side (1995). The Hired Hand was short largely on the still relatively new lightweight Arriflex 35mm camera, the mobility of this camera enabling Zsigmond to capture ‘the film’s extraordinary lovely sunset and evening shots’ (Pope, op cit.: 109). Fonda later reflected that the ‘normal procedure’ during the shoot ‘was to call a wrap for the day, wait until… the rest of the cast and crew had disappeared, and then take out Vilmos’ Arriflex [to] shoot late evening shots’ (Fonda, quoted in ibid.). Almost all of the film, barring one sequence, was shot on location, and the lightweight Arriflex was used extensively – handheld, on horseback, and mounted to a station wagon (see ibid.: 110). Quite a lot of the photography, including the opening sequence, uses contre-jour shooting – shooting against the sunlight to render the subject in silhouette against the bright sun. ![]() Arrow’s new Blu-ray release is based on the restoration supervised by Mazzolam the HD master provided by NBC Universal. The inventive and unusual photography outlined above – with its use of overlapping images, the emphasis on contre-jour shooting and the deliberately hazy, soft-focus appearance of many scenes – is communicated beautifully on this HD presentation. There is lots of play within the photography with focus and depth of field: for example, the film’s opening shot is a deliberately out of focus shot of the sky, which tilts down to a hazy, diffuse image of Harry and Dan by the river – Dan playing in the water like a child, whilst Harry fishes with is line. It’s a film with a very dreamlike, impressionistic aesthetic, whilst the colour palette is dominated by drab browns, greys and blacks – giving the depiction of the West a very gritty, dirty appearance. Images of photographic clarity are juxtaposed with obscured, hazy shots. (The screen grabs used throughout this review, and the large screen grabs at the bottom of the review, should illustrate this.) Colour reproduction is very strong, and contrast levels are equally pleasing – evident especially in the contre-jour shots and the interiors, which feature balanced midtones and strong shadows. Finally, a good encode ensures the presentation retains the structure of 35mm film. The Tartan Video DVD release of the restoration was very pleasing for its time, but Arrow’s Blu-ray disc – whilst based on the same source – offers a significant improvement, especially in the nighttime scenes. ![]() ![]() ![]()
Audio
Audio is presented via a LPCM mono track. This is rich, deep and clear. Optional English subtitles for the Hard of Hearing are included, and these are easy to read and free from errors.
Extras
The disc includes: - ![]() - ‘The Return of the Hired Hand’ (58:47). This 2003 documentary was included in the film’s DVD releases. Taking a look back at the production of the film, the documentary includes comments from Fonda, Mazzola, Zsigmond, the film’s composer Bruce Langhorne, Bloom, production designer Lawrence G Paull. Fonda explains why he chose to make a Western, suggesting he was motivated by a desire to tell ‘the truth of what went down in the West’. As with Easy Rider, the picture was an attempt to help Fonda leave ‘the shadow that my father cast’. The participants reflect on the choice to shoot the film in the ghost town of Cabezon, and Fonda comments on the choices made during the casting process. Langhorne’s score for the picture is discussed at length. The problems that accompanied the film’s release are also examined, with Fonda reflecting on the initial response to the film, which he suggests ‘was coloured by the incredible response to Easy Rider’: the audience expected to see Fonda atop a motorcycle rather than a horse, and thus didn’t connect with The Hired Hand. The television edit is discussed, with Fonda complaining that this version of the picture omitted much of the storyline. The decision to restore the film is explored, and Mazzola discusses some of the processes involved in doing this, and the ways in which the film found a new audience because, Fonda suggests, new viewers ‘have forgotten all about Captain America’. - Deleted Scenes: o ‘Barkeep Innuendo’ (1:16). o ‘Dumb Animals, Horses’ (2:21). o ‘Morning After’ (1:41). o ‘Lookin’ for Work’ (4:51). o ‘Saloon School’ (9:54). o ‘Gunfight’ (alternate ending) (3:19). These deleted scenes are all taken from the NBC television edit of the picture, and are presented here in the 1.33:1 ratio. They seem to be sourced from a videotape recording of this edit of the film. The most extensive of the deleted scenes is ‘Saloon School’, which features Larry Hagman in the role of the town’s sheriff. (Hagman’s sheriff is completely absent from Fonda’s preferred cut of the film.) - ![]() - Interview with Martin Scorsese (2:01). This also appeared on the film’s DVD releases from the early 2000s. Scorsese discusses the context of the film’s production and suggests that though at the time of its release it may have been called an ‘anti-Western’, looking at the film today ‘it seems more like a classic example of the genre’. - Warren Oates and Peter Fonda at the NFT (76:52). This audio recording of Oates and Fonda, interviewed at the NFT in 1971, was made ahead of the UK release of The Hired Hand. The pair are on very good form, fielding questions from the audience and discussing the production of the film and the logistics of producing and releasing a picture such as this. Some of the audience’s questions are quite difficult to make out, but Oates and Fonda’s responses are clear enough. - Stills Gallery (30 images). - Trailers: Trailer 1 (1:26); Trailer 2 (0:53); Trailer 3 (2:33); Trailer 4 (2:01). - TV Spots: TV Spot 1 (1:02); TV Spot 2 (0:32); TV Spot 3 (0:23); TV Spot 4 (0:13). - Radio Spots: Radio Spot 1 (0:44); Radio Spot 2 (0:28); Radio Spot 3 (0:28); Radio Spot 4 (0:11). One of Arrow’s beautiful booklets is included. Illustrated with images from the film, the booklet contains a ‘cast and crew’ page and a new essay about the film, ‘Bringing It All Back Home’ by Kim Morgan. Opening with a quote from Oates and a second quote from Fonda, the essay focuses on the shooting of the film, exploring its context as a post-Easy Rider production and its emphasis on the family unit. Morgan’s essay ends with a personal anecdote regarding Fonda.
Overall
![]() References: Compo, Susan A, 2009: Warren Oates: A Wild Life. The University Press of Kentucky Crust, Kevin, 2003: ‘“Hired Hand” gets another chance’. Los Angeles Times (20 October, 2003) Pope, Norris, 2013: Chronicle of a Camera: The Arriflex 35 in North America, 1945-1972. University Press of Mississippi ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
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